Topic

Europe

Strasbourg, the EU and the European legal order.

All topics International Law Definitions United Kingdom United States Europe Technology & AI Disputes & Accountability

2026

28 October 2026Europe

Proof vs Appearance: Strasbourg Restates What Makes a Judge Impartial

The European Court of Human Rights found Armenia breached a litigant's fair hearing rights when two challenged judges refused to step aside. Does judicial impartiality require proof of bias, or only legitimate doubt?

2025

5 December 2025Europe

Eurovision and the Neutrality Test

The Eurovision Song Contest has long presented itself as a rare cultural space insulated from global issues. Its governing body, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), consistently emphasises that participation rules are designed to keep…